By dividing a single optical signal from a central Optical Line Terminal (OLT) into multiple outputs for Optical Network Terminals (ONTs) at users' homes, splitters eliminate the need for dedicated fibers to each residence—slashing infrastructure costs while scaling network reach. The most important component is the beam splitter. An optical distribution network (ODN) mainly has primary splitting and secondary splitting, or centralized splitting and cascade splitting. The structure of primary light splitting is an OLT-optical splitter-ONU, and the optical splitters from OLT. Fiber optic splitter, also referred to as optical splitter, fiber splitter or beam splitter, is an integrated waveguide optical power distribution device that can split an incident light beam into two or more light beams, and vice versa, containing multiple input and output ends. Conversely, it can also combine multiple signals into one. Beamsplitters are often classified according to their construction: cube or plate. OLT (Optical Line Terminal), PON network consists of three parts: OLT, ODN and ONU. OLT belongs to the business node side of the access network equipment, connected to the corresponding business node equipment through the SNI interface, to complete the access network service access.
