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Optoelectronic-integrated intelligence for monitoring
Emerging optoelectronic and photonic sensing technologies—such as hyperspectral imaging, NIR spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, and advanced computer vision—offer non-destructive, real-time ways to assess food quality, detect contaminants, and verify product authenticity. Optical sensors have undergone significant evolution, transitioning from discrete optical microsystems toward sophisticated photonic integrated circuits (PICs) that leverage artificial intelligence (AI) for enhanced functionality. Unlike prior research on ISAC, which predominantly focused on radio frequency (RF) band, O-ISAC.